Preapproval Promises to Voluntarily Withdraw FDA-Approved Drugs.

This Viewpoint provides recommendations for improvements to strengthen legal obligations and decrease ambiguity for the US Food and Drug Administration regarding their reliance on voluntary preapproval withdrawal pledges.

Effects of Interactivity on Recall of Health Information: Experimental Study.

BACKGROUND: Information provided in an interactive way is believed to be engaging because users can actively explore the information. Yet empirical findings often contradict this assumption. Consequently, there is still little known about whether and how interactivity affects communication outcomes such as recall. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate mechanisms through which interactivity affects recall of online health information. We tested whether and how cognitive involvement, perceived active control, and cognitive load mediate the effects of interactivity on recall. In addition, we examined need for cognition and health literacy as potential moderators of the mediation effects. Given the increasing popularity of dietary supplement use, our health website focused on this topic. METHODS: In an online between-subjects experiment (n=983), participants were randomly assigned to control condition (no interactive features), moderate interactivity (dropdown menus), and high interactivity (dropdown menus and responsive infographics). Two weeks before the experiment, background characteristics and moderating variables were measured. During website visit, data on users' online behavior were collected. Recall was measured postexposure. RESULTS: Participants recalled significantly less information in the moderate (mean 3.48 [SD 2.71]) and high (mean 3.52 [SD 2.64]) interactivity conditions compared with the control condition (mean 5.63 [SD 2.18]). In the mediation analysis, we found direct, negative effects of moderate (b=-2.25, 95% CI -2.59 to -1.90) and high (b=-2.16, 95% CI -2.51 to -1.81) levels of interactivity on recall as well. In the relationship between interactivity and recall, cognitive involvement had a partial negative mediation effect (moderate interactivity: b=-.20; 95% CI -0.31 to -0.10; high interactivity: b=-.21, 95% CI -0.33 to -0.10) and perceived active control had a partial positive mediation effect (moderate interactivity: b=.28, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.40; high interactivity: b=.27, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.40). CONCLUSIONS: Interactivity decreased recall. In addition, through interactivity participants were less involved with the content of the information, yet they felt they had more control over the information. These effects were stronger in the high need for cognition and high health literate groups compared with their counterparts.

Nitrosamine Impurities in Angiotensin Receptor Blockers.

Nitrosamines are known carcinogens which have been recently discovered in several angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). This led to the recall of valsartan in the United States in 2018, and afterward, the recall of other ARBs as well as unrelated medications (e.g., ranitidine). The presence of nitrosamine in ARBs was likely a result of changes in the manufacturing process, although nitrosamine contamination is believed to occur by different mechanisms with other medications. The United States Food and Drug Administration has since taken steps to identify products affected by nitrosamine contamination and mitigate this concern going forward. Despite the contamination of some drug products, studies estimate that the overall risk to patients is low enough to not necessitate changes in prescribing patterns at this time.

Miastenia grave asociada a nivolumab / Myasthenia gravis associated with nivolumab

No disponible

Medicine authentication technology as a counterfeit medicine-detection tool: a Delphi method study to establish expert opinion on manual medicine authentication technology in secondary care.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to establish expert opinion and potential improvements for the Falsified Medicines Directive mandated medicines authentication technology. DESIGN AND INTERVENTION: A two-round Delphi method study using an online questionnaire. SETTING: Large National Health Service (NHS) foundation trust teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Secondary care pharmacists and accredited checking technicians. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Seven-point rating scale answers which reached a consensus of 70-80% with a standard deviation (SD) of <1.0. Likert scale questions which reached a consensus of 70-80%, a SD of <1.0 and classified as important according to study criteria. RESULTS: Consensus expert opinion has described database cross-checking technology as quick and user friendly and suggested the inclusion of an audio signal to further support the detection of counterfeit medicines in secondary care (70% consensus, 0.9 SD); other important consensus with a SD of <1.0 included reviewing the colour and information in warning pop up screens to ensure they were not mistaken for the 'already dispensed here' pop up, encouraging the dispenser/checker to act on the warnings and making it mandatory to complete an 'action taken' documentation process to improve the quarantine of potentially counterfeit, expired or recalled medicines. CONCLUSIONS: This paper informs key opinion leaders and decision makers as to the positives and negatives of medicines authentication technology from an operator's perspective and suggests the adjustments which may be required to improve operator compliance and the detection of counterfeit medicines in the secondary care sector.

Product recall: a Croatian experience (2000-2010).

BACKGROUND: Timely and efficient recall of products known or suspected to be non-conforming is an important measure in the prevention of adverse events and in patients' safety. Product recall in the transfusion service is regulated by professional standards and legal acts, but publications presenting results related to the implementation of these procedures are quite rare. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from the Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine (CITM) on the procedures of product recall during an 11-year period (2000-2010) were retrospectively analyzed. Reasons for product recall, their frequency, level of severity and efficiency of the procedures are presented and discussed. RESULTS: During the study period, there were 245 procedures of product recall, for an average of 22 (18-29) procedures/year, all of low extent (1-25 products). Recall was required for 1/3,571 blood products issued, while the frequency of laboratory test report recalls was 1/5,447 patients. The leading reasons for product recall were suspected bacterial contamination of blood products (30.2%) and suspected or demonstrated non-conformity of laboratory test reports (28.6%). In total, 99 (40.4%) product recalls were categorized as class I, 30 (12.2%) as class II and 116 (47.3%) as class III. DISCUSSION: According to the available literature data, the product recall procedures were performed quite infrequently by the CITM and were of low extent. There was a remarkable decreasing trend in the rate of product recall due to non-conformities or errors made at the CITM, along with a constant or increasing rate of recalls because of biological variability of blood products.

¿Se puede suspender la medicación en los pacientes con artritis reumatoide en remisión? / Can the medication in patients with rheumatoidarthritis in remission be stopped?

La artritis reumatoide es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica sistémica que ocasiona una significativa morbilidad y mortalidad. El uso combinado de metotrexato y agentes biológicos dirigidos contra el factor de necrosis tumoral (TNF) ha logrado mejorías significativas en parámetros clínicos, radiográficos y funcionales que no se habían visto previamente y que han revolucionado el objetivo terapéutico de conseguir la remisión en parámetros clínicos, estructurales y funcionales. El próximo objetivo debería ser alcanzar la remisión sin el uso de fármacos biológicos y posteriormente sin medicación. Aunque hay evidencia acerca de la eficacia y la seguridad de los inhibidores del TNF, no la hay acerca de remisión sin el empleo de agentes biológicos ni fármacos modificadores de la enfermedad (AU)

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality. The combined use of methotrexate and biological agents directed against tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has achieved significant improvement in clinical, radiographic and functional parameters not seen previously and has revolutionized the therapeutic goal of achieving remission in clinical, structural and functional parameters. The next goal should be to achieve remission without the use of biological drugs and later without medication. Although there is evidence about the efficacy and safety of TNF inhibitors, there is none on remission without the use of biological agents or disease modifying drugs (AU)

Prescripción en Cascada y Desprescripción / No disponible

La prescripción en cascada se produce cuando un nuevo fármaco es prescrito para "tratar" una reacción adversa producida por otro fármaco, basándose en la creencia errónea de que una nueva condición médica se ha desarrollado. Los acontecimientos adversos asociados a la prescripción en cascada se producen cuando el segundo fármaco aumenta la severidad de la reacción adversa producida por el primer fármaco, o cuando el segundo fármaco expone al paciente a la aparición de nuevas reacciones adversas. La clave para prevenir la prescripción en cascada reside en la prevención y rápida detección de las reacciones adversas. Los profesionales de la salud deben ser capaces de reconocer cuándo un medicamento debe ser retirado y cómo hacerlo. La desprescripción debe considerarse cuando existe polimedicación, reacciones adversas a medicamentos, ineficacia del tratamiento, caídas o cuando los objetivos del tratamiento han cambiado. Un enfoque cauteloso de la desprescripción incluye dos principios: retirar los fármacos de uno en uno y disminuir las dosis gradualmente durante semanas o meses(AU)

A prescribing cascade occurs when a new medicine is prescribed to ‘treat’ an adverse reaction to another drug in the mistaken belief that a new medical condition requiring treatment has developed. Adverse outcomes associated with prescribing cascades can result when the second drug increases the severity of the adverse reaction to the first drug or when the second drug places the patient at risk of additional adverse drug reactions. The key to preventing prescribing cascades lies in the avoidance and early detection of adverse drug reactions and an increased awareness and recognition of the potential for adverse reactions. Medicines have adverse effects and the use of multiple medicines, polypharmacy, can be associated with poorer outcomes. Health professionals need to recognise when medicines should be ceased and how to deprescribe. Deprescribing could be considered when there is polypharmacy, adverse drug reactions, ineffective treatment, falls or when treatment goals have changed. If patients are slowly weaned off their medicines, withdrawal and rebound syndromes are usually not serious. A cautious approach to deprescribing includes two principles - stop one drug at a time and wean doses slowly over weeks and months(AU)

Analysis of drug authentication at the point of dispensing in Belgian and Greek community pharmacies.

BACKGROUND: Authentication processes based on mass serialization technology may help to make the drug supply more secure for patients. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the AegateProtect service, a new drug authentication service implemented in Belgian and Greek community pharmacies. METHODS: A prospective analysis conducted via a mystery shopper audit assessed the reliability of the authentication service in a sample of Belgian community pharmacies. A retrospective analysis evaluated the effectiveness of the authentication service in Belgian and Greek community pharmacies in terms of the number of scans relating to authentic, recalled, expired, and suspicious products. Also, the costs of providing an authentication service in a hypothetical country were weighed against the benefits in terms of preventing the dispensing of substandard drugs. RESULTS: The authentication service attained a sample reliability of 100% (95% CI 99.8 to 100) in Belgium. The 220,751 scans tested in Belgium during June-August 2008 consisted of authentic products (96.13% of scans), recalled products (0.74%), products that may be recalled (3.00%), and expired products (0.13%). No suspicious products were identified. Similar results were observed in Greece. For a hypothetical country, a modeling exercise showed that an authentication service would become cost-neutral in a scenario in which 0.47% of products per year are identified as recalled or expired. CONCLUSIONS: A drug authentication process such as the AegateProtect service is reliable and effective in identifying recalled, expired, and suspicious drugs in community pharmacies at the point of dispensing. The proportion of products identified as recalled, expired, or suspicious in a given country determines the level of cost benefits of an authentication service.